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Artificial life |
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Introduction
to Cellular Automata ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Cellular automata are abstract structures which make it possible to study virtual completely known universes. They help us to understand our Universe : "Thus complex physical and biological systems may lie in the same universality classes as the idealized mathematical models provided by cellular automata. Knowledge of cellular automaton behaviour may then yield rather general results on the behaviour of complex natural systems."31. The universal computation capability of some cellular automata, i.e. their capability to construct arbitrary complex structures, is not sufficient to prove the possibility of life apparition in these universes. Generalization of cellular automata behaviours to our Universe is not direct and its pertinence is hard to be proved. However, and as a conclusion, I let you think about the two following images. Norman Packard's snowflake
A real shell texture and its equivalent generated
with a cellular automaton Adami Ch., Introduction to Artificial Life, Springer-Verlag, New-York, 1998. Bertalanffy (von) L., Théorie générale des systèmes. Dunod, Paris, 1973. Gutowitz H.A., Langton C.G., Methods for designing Cellular Automata with "Interesting" Behavior, 1994. Available at : http://www.santafe.edu/~hag/interesting/interesting.html.
Heudin JC, La Vie Artificielle, Hermès, Paris, 1994. Heudin JC, L'évolution au bord du chaos, Hermès, Paris, 1998. Langlois A., Phipps M., Automates cellulaires. Application à la simulation urbaine. Hermès, Paris, 1997. Langton C.G., Studying Artificial Life with cellular automata, Physica D 22, 1986. Langton C.G., Life at the edge of chaos, Artificial Life II, Addison-Wesley, 1991. Langton C.G., Artificial Life in The philosophy of Artificial Life, Boden M. A. dir., Oxford readings in Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1996. Langton ed., Artificial Life. An overview, MIT press, 1997. Levy S., Artificial Life. The quest for a new creation, Penguin, 1992. Michell M., Hraber P.T., Crutchfield J., Revisiting the edge of chaos : Evolving Cellular Automata to perform Computations, Santa Fe Institute, Working Paper 93-03-014. Available at : http://www.santafe.edu/projects/evca/Papers/rev-edge.html
Morin E., La Méthode. I-La Nature de la Nature., Points, Seuil, Paris 1977. Rosnay (de) J., Le macroscope. Vers une vision globale. Points, Seuil, Paris, 1975.
Rucker R., Walker J., Introduction to CelLab, http://www.fourmilab.ch/cellab/ Shatten A., Cellular Automata, Institute of General
Chemistry Vienna University of Technology, Austria, 1997. Toffoli T., Cellular automata as an alternative to Differential equations, in Modelling Physics, Physica 10D, 1984.
Von Neumann J. et Burks A. ed., Theory of Self-Reproduction Automata, University of Illinois Press, 1966. Wolfram S., Universality and complexity in cellular automata, Physica D, 10:1-35, 1984. Available at : http://www.stephenwolfram.com/publications/articles/ca/84-universality/index.html Jean-Philippe Rennard Ph.D. 12/2000. Copyright : This text has been written for an educational purpose. It is free for any private use. If you want to use it for a non-commercial public purpose, please quote author and source. Commercial use is strictly forbidden unless written agreement. |
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